List of state leaders in 1945

1944 state leaders - Events of 1945 - 1946 state leaders - State leaders by year

See also:

List of religious leaders in 1945
List of international organization leaders in 1945

1 Africa
2 Asia
3 Europe
4 North America
5 Oceania
6 South America
7 References

Africa

Egypt
- Monarch - Farouk, King of Egypt (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ahmad Mahir Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1944–1945)
  2. Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1945–1946)

Ethiopia
- Monarch - Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (1941–1974)
- Prime Minister - Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)

Liberia
- President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)

South Africa
- Monarch - George VI, King of South Africa (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet, Officer Administering the Government of South Africa (1943–1946)
- Prime Minister - Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (1939–1948)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister - Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1929–1946)

Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Wangchuk, King of Bhutan (1926–1952)
- Prime Minister - Raja Sonam Tobgay Dorji, Chief Minister of Bhutan (1917–1952)

Burma (partially recognized occupied state)
- independence terminated on 3 May 1945 with the end of Japanese occupation, afterwards British Burma was restored
- President - Ba Maw, President of Burma (1943–1945)
- Prime Minister - Ba Maw, Prime Minister of Burma (1942–1945)

Cambodia (unrecognized occupied state)
- independence declared under Japanese occupation 12 March - 16 October 1945, afterwards returned to French Indochina
- Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1941–1955)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1945)
  2. Son Ngoc Thanh, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1945)
  3. Prince Sisowath Monireth, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1945–1946)

China
- Chongqing Government (pro-Allies)
  - President - Chiang Kai-Shek, Chairman of the National Government of China (1943–1947)
  - Premier -
    1. Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1939–1945)
    2. T. V. Soong, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1945–1947)
- Nanjing Government (pro-Japan)
  - disbanded on 16 August 1945 following Japanese surrender
  - Head of State - Chen Gongbo, Acting Chairman of the National Government of China (1944–1945)
- Manchukuo (partially recognized occupied state)
  - reintegrated into China in 1945
  - Monarch - Puyi, Emperor of Manchukuo (1934–1945)
  - Premier - Zhang Jinghui, Premier of Manchukuo (1935–1945)
- East Turkestan (unrecognized secessionist state)
  - President - Elihan Tore, President of East Turkestan (1944–1946)

Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- independence declared on 17 August 1945
- President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Prime Minister - Sutan Sjahrir, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1945–1947)

Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Morteza Gholi Bayat, Prime Minister of Iran (1944–1945)
  2. Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran (1945)
  3. Mohsen Sadr, Prime Minister of Iran (1945)
  4. Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran (1945–1946)
- Azerbaijan People's Government (unrecognized autonomous republic)
  - declared independence on 12 December 1945
  - Chairman - Ja'far Pishevari, Chairman of the Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946)
  - Prime Minister - Ahmad Kordary, Prime Minister of the Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946)

Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
- Prime Minister - Hamdi al-Pachachi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1944–1946)

Japan (under Allied occupiation)
- Empire of Japan was occupied and surrendered on 2 September 1945
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kuniaki Koiso, Prime Minister of Japan (1944–1945)
  2. Kantarō Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (1945)
  3. Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko, Prime Minister of Japan (1945)
  4. Kijūrō Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (1945–1946)
- Military Governor - Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (1945–1951)

Lebanon
- President - Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Riad as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1943–1945)
  2. Abdul Hamid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1945)
  3. Sami as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1945–1946)

Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
- Head of State - Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of Mongolia (1940–1953)
- Premier - Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1939–1952)

Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)

Nepal
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1932–1945)
  2. Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1945–1948)

Philippine Republic (partially recognized occupied state)
- independence terminated on 17 August 1945 with the end of Japanese occupation, afterwards the Commonwealth of the Philippines was restored
- President -
  - José P. Laurel, President of the Philippine Republic (1943–1945)
  - Sergio Osmeña, President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1944–1946)

Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1932–1953)

Siam (Thailand)
- Monarch - Ananda Mahidol, King of Siam (1935–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Khuang Abhaiwongse, Prime Minister of Siam (1944–1945)
  2. Tawee Boonyaket, Prime Minister of Siam (1945)
  3. Seni Pramoj, Prime Minister of Siam (1945–1946)

Syria
- President - Shukri al-Quwatli, President of Syria (1943–1949)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Faris al-Khoury, Prime Minister of Syria (1944–1945)
  2. Saadallah al-Jabiri, Prime Minister of Syria (1945–1946)

Turkey
- President - İsmet İnönü, President of Turkey (1938–1950)
- Prime Minister - Şükrü Saracoğlu, Prime Minister of Turkey (1942–1946)

Empire of Vietnam (unrecognized occupied state)
- independence declared under Japanese occupation 9 March - 15 August 1945
- Monarch - Bảo Đại, Emperor of Vietnam (1926–1945)
- Prime Minister - Trần Trọng Kim, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1945)

North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- declared independence on 2 September 1945
- Communist Party Leader - Trường Chinh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1941–1956)
- President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier - Hồ Chí Minh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1945–1955)

Yemen
- Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Omer Nishani, Chairman of the Presidium of the Antifascist Council of National Liberation of Albania (1944–1953)
- Premier - Enver Hoxha, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1944–1954)

Andorra
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - Charles de Gaulle, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1944–1946)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)

Austria (under Allied occupation)
- was declared to be independent from the German Reich on 27 April 1945
- President - Karl Renner, Federal President of Austria (1945–1950)
- Chancellor -
  1. Karl Renner, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1945)
  2. Leopold Figl, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1945–1953)
- American military governor - Mark W. Clark (1945–1947)
- British military governor - Sir Richard McCreery (1945–1946)
- French military governor - Antoine Béthouart (1945–1950)
- Soviet military governor - Ivan Konev (1945–1946)

Belgium
- Monarch - Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)^[1]
- Regent - Prince Charles, Regent of Belgium (1944–1950)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Hubert Pierlot, Prime Minister of Belgium (1939–1945)^[2]
  2. Achille van Acker, Prime Minister of Belgium (1945–1946)

Bulgaria
- Monarch - Simeon II, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1943–1946)
- Regent - Venelin Ganev + Todor Pavlov + Tsvetko Boboshevski, Regent of Bulgaria (1944–1946)
- Premier - Kimon Georgiev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1944–1946)

Czechoslovakia
- Czechoslovakia reconstituted on 3 April 1945 after the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia seceded from the German Reich
- President -
  1. Emil Hácha, State President of Bohemia and Moravia (1938–1945)
  2. Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (1945–1948)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jaroslav Krejčí, Prime Minister of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945)
  2. Richard Bienert, Prime Minister of Bohemia and Moravia (1945)
  3. Zdeněk Fierlinger, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1945–1946)
- German Governor - Wilhelm Frick, Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945)
- Slovak State (partially recognized occupied state)
  - ceased to exist on 4 April 1945
  - President - Jozef Tiso, President of Slovakia (1939–1945)
  - Prime Minister - Štefan Tiso, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1943–1945)

Denmark
- regained independence with the German surrender in May 1945
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Erik Scavenius, Prime Minister of Denmark (1942–1945)
  2. Vilhelm Buhl, Prime Minister of Denmark (1945)
  3. Knud Kristensen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1945–1947)
- German Military Governor - Werner Best, Reichskommissar in Denmark (1942–1945)

Éire (Ireland)
- Monarch - George VI, King of Ireland (1936–1949)
- President -
  1. Douglas Hyde, President of Ireland (1938–1945)
  2. Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
- Prime Minister - Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1937–1948)

Finland
- President - Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, President of Finland (1944–1946)
- Prime Minister - Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister of Finland (1944–1946)

France
- Head of State - Charles de Gaulle, Chairman of the Provisional Government of France (1944–1946)

Germany (under Allied occupation)
- German Reich occupied in May 1945
- Head of State -
  1. Adolf Hitler, Führer of Germany (1934–1945)
  2. Karl Dönitz, President of Germany (1945)
- Chancellor -
  1. Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945)
  2. Joseph Goebbels, Chancellor of Germany (1945)
  3. Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, Leading Minister of Germany (1945)
- American Zone
  - Military Governor - Joseph T. McNarney, Military Governor of the US Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1947)
- British Zone
  - Military Governor - Bernard Montgomery, Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Military Governor of the British Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1946)
- French Zone
  - Military Governor - Marie Pierre Kœnig, Military Governor of the French Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1949)
- Soviet Zone
  - Military Governor - Georgy Zhukov, Military Governor of the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1946)

Greece
- Monarch - George II, King of the Hellenes (1935–1947)^[3]
- Regent - Archbishop Damaskinos, Regent of Greece (1944–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. George Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1944–1945)
  2. Nikolaos Plastiras, Prime Minister of Greece (1945)
  3. Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1945)
  4. Archbishop Damaskinos, Prime Minister of Greece (1945)
  5. Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (1945)
  6. Themistoklis Sophoulis, Prime Minister of Greece (1945–1946)

Hungary
- with the collapse of the Hungarian State in May 1945, the country reverted to the Kingdom of Hungary
- Head of State -
  1. Ferenc Szálasi, Leader of the Nation of Hungary (1944–1945)
  2. High National Council, Head of State of Hungary (1945–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ferenc Szálasi, Leader of the Nation of Hungary (1944–1945)
  2. Béla Miklós, Prime Minister of Hungary (alternative government in Debrecen) (1944–1945)
  3. Zoltán Tildy, Prime Minister of Hungary (1945–1946)

Iceland
- President - Sveinn Björnsson, President of Iceland (1944–1952)
- Prime Minister - Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (1944–1947)

Italy
- Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ivanoe Bonomi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1944–1945)
  2. Ferruccio Parri, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1945)
  3. Alcide De Gasperi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1945–1946)
- Salò Republic (Italian Social Republic) (unrecognized, occupied state)
  - ceased to exist on 25 April 1945
  - Head of State - Benito Mussolini, Provisional Head of State of the Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)

Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Josef Hoop, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1928–1945)
  2. Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)

Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[4]
- Prime Minister - Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)^[5]

Monaco
- Monarch - Louis II, Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
- Head of Government - Pierre de Witasse, Minister of State of Monaco (1944–1948)

Netherlands
- regained independence with the German surrender in May 1945
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[6]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1940–1945)^[7]
  2. Wim Schermerhorn, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1945–1946)
- German Military Governor - Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Reichskommissar in the Netherlands (1940–1945)

Norway
- regained independence in May 1945 with the collapse of the National Government
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[8]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Vidkun Quisling, Minister President of Norway (National Government) (1942–1945)
  2. Johan Nygaardsvold, Prime Minister of Norway (in exile) (1935–1945)^[9]
  3. Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1945–1951)
- German Military Governor -
  1. Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar in Norway (1940–1945)
  2. Franz Böhme, Reichskommissar in Norway (1945)

Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1943–1948)
- Head of State - Bolesław Bierut, President of the Presidium of the Popular Council of Poland (1944–1952)
- Premier - Edward Osóbka-Morawski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1944–1947)

Portugal
- President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
- Prime Minister - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)

Romania
- Monarch - Michael, King of the Romanians (1940–1947)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Nicolae Rădescu, Prime Minister of Romania (1944–1945)
  2. Petru Groza, Prime Minister of Romania (1945–1952)

San Marino
- Captains Regent -
  1. Teodoro Lonfernini and Leonida Suzzi Valli, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1944–March 1945)
  2. Alvaro Casali and Vittorio Valentini, Captains Regent of San Marino (April–September 1945)
  3. Ferruccio Martelli and Secondo Fiorini, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1945–March 1946)

Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, Senior Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
- Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1938–1946)
- Premier - Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)

Spain
- Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1939–1973)

Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister - Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1936–1946)

Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Council^[10]:
  
  Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Walther Stampfli (1940–1947), Enrico Celio (1940–1950), Eduard von Steiger (1940–1951), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954, President), Ernst Nobs (1943–1951), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961)

United Kingdom
- Monarch - George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945)
  2. Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951)

Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1939–1958)
- President of the Governorate - Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1939–1961)

Yugoslavia
- Monarch - Peter II, King of Yugoslavia (1934–1945)^[11]
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1945–1980)
- Head of State - Ivan Ribar, President of the Presidency of the People's Assembly of Yugoslavia (1945–1953)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ivan Šubašić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1944–1945)
  2. Drago Marušič, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1945)
  3. Josip Broz Tito, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1945–1963)
- Independent State of Croatia (partially recognized occupied state)
  - ceased to exist in May 1945
  - Head of State - Ante Pavelić, Leader of Croatia (1943–1945)
  - Prime Minister - Nikola Mandić, Prime Minister of Croatia (1943–1945)

North America

Canada
- Monarch - George VI, King of Canada (1936–1952)
- Governor General - Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone, Governor General of Canada (1940–1946)
- Prime Minister - William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (1935–1948)

Costa Rica
- President - Teodoro Picado Michalski, President of Costa Rica (1944–1948)

Cuba
- President - Ramón Grau, President of Cuba (1944–1948)
- Premier
  1. Félix Lancís Sánchez, Premier of Cuba (1944–1945)
  2. Carlos Prío Socarrás, Premier of Cuba (1945–1947)

Dominican Republic
- President - Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1942–1952)

El Salvador
- President -
  1. Osmín Aguirre y Salinas, Provisional President of El Salvador (1944–1945)
  2. Salvador Castaneda Castro, President of El Salvador (1945–1948)

Guatemala
- President -
  1. Revolutionary Government Junta, President of Guatemala (1944–1945)
  2. Juan José Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1945–1951)

Haiti
- President - Élie Lescot, President of Haiti (1941–1946)

Honduras
- President - Tiburcio Carías Andino, President of Honduras (1933–1949)

Mexico
- President - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (1940–1946)

Nicaragua
- President - Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua (1937–1947)

Panama
- President -
  1. Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango, Provisional President of Panama (1941–1945)
  2. Enrique Adolfo Jiménez, Provisional President of Panama (1945–1948)

United States of America
- President -
  1. Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States (1933–1945)
  2. Harry S. Truman, President of the United States (1945–1953)

Oceania

Australia
- Monarch - George VI, King of Australia (1936–1952)
- Governor-General -
  1. Alexander Hore-Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie, Governor-General of Australia (1936–1945)
  2. Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, Governor-General of Australia (1945–1947)
- Prime Minister -
  1. John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia (1941–1945)
  2. Frank Forde, Prime Minister of Australia (1945)
  3. Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (1945–1949)

New Zealand
- Monarch - George VI, King of New Zealand (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Cyril Newall, Baron Newall, Governor-General of New Zealand (1941–1946)
- Prime Minister - Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1940–1949)

South America

Argentina
- President - Edelmiro Julián Farrell, President of Argentina (1944–1946)

Bolivia
- President - Gualberto Villarroel, President of Bolivia (1944–1946)

Brazil
- President -
  1. Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (1930–1945)
  2. José Linhares, President of Brazil (1945–1946)

Chile
- President - Juan Antonio Ríos, President of Chile (1942–1946)

Colombia
- President -
  1. Alfonso López Pumarejo, President of Colombia (1942–1945)
  2. Alberto Lleras Camargo, President of Colombia (1945–1946)

Ecuador
- President - José María Velasco Ibarra, President of Ecuador (1944–1947)

Paraguay
- President - Higinio Moríñigo, President of Paraguay (1940–1948)

Peru
- President -
  1. Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1939–1945)
  2. José Bustamante y Rivero, President of Peru (1945–1948)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Manuel Cisneros Sánchez, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1944–1945)
  2. Rafael Belaúnde Diez Canseco, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1945–1946)

Uruguay
- President - Juan José de Amézaga, President of Uruguay (1943–1947)

Venezuela
- President -
  1. Isaías Medina Angarita, President of Venezuela (1941–1945)
  2. Romulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (1945–1948)

References

^ German prisoner between 1940 an 1945, in exile between 1945 and 1950.
^ In exile between 1940 and 1944.
^ In exile between 1941 and 1946.
^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
^ In exile between 1940 and 1944.
^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
^ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
^ In exile from 1941.

List of state leaders in 1945

Contents

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

References